2011年12月12日星期一

〝痛心疾首〞尘封22年六四社论 程翔评功过

六四當日,文匯報社論開了天窗,只得「痛心疾首」四個大字。據劉銳紹回憶,當時社長李子誦跟總編輯金堯如商量天窗方案,一是「痛心疾首」,一是「夫復何言」,後來請示香港新華社副社長張浚生,張決定用「痛心疾首」。

六四之後,文匯報被改組,兩位頭頭就「退休」了。

後記:網友報料,文匯報社論開天窗當為五月廿二日,非六月四日,可參看程翔二00九年的回憶和這張圖片







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【新唐人2011年12月12日讯】22年前的天安门〝六四惨案〞,在中共决定镇压学生运动的当时,很多人,特别是中共党员,面临着如何〝站队〞的选择。而亲共香港媒体《文汇报》,在当年的5月21号以〝痛心疾首〞四个字做为社论全文的开天窗模式,震动香港。时事评论员程翔向本台记者讲述了当年开天窗社论出炉的经过,并且对几位当事人的功过是非提出他的看法。


1989年5月21号,中共下达戒严令的第二天,《文汇报》发表四字社论〝痛心疾首〞,这是1949年之后中共报业史上,第一次有传媒以开天窗形式写社论。

香港时事评论员程翔,当时担任《文汇报》副总编辑,他向《新唐人》表示,这篇社论对香港的影响非常大。

香港时事评论员程翔:〝这个社论直接动员了一百万市民上街,是非同小可的四个字,这四个字在当时就好像一个超级炸弹一样轰开了,激发大家上街。其实我觉得这个事情在中国当代史上,在中国百年的新闻史上都是一件大事。〞
这个爆炸性社论得以出炉,涉及时任《文汇报》副总编辑兼代理总编辑曾敏之、社长李子诵,原总编辑金尧如,以及时任分管香港中共报章的新华社香港分社副社长的张浚生。

程翔向《新唐人》讲述,曾敏之在中共宣布戒严后,第二天深夜致电李子诵,主动提出以〝痛心疾首〞四字开天窗,而李子诵与金尧如商量后,建议改用较为平和的〝夫复何言〞。曾敏之不同意,于是把这两个建议一同送新华社审批。最后,张浚生选了〝痛心疾首〞四字。

程翔认为,开天窗社论是当时四人集体做出的决定。不过,在邓小平决定戒严之后,四个人的立场发生了变化。

香港时事评论员程翔:〝李社长(和)金老总继续反对镇压,继续坚持反对屠城这样的立场。曾敏之犹豫了一阵子,归队了。那么,张浚生就倒过来,不但完全否认自己的责任,而且倒过来向文汇报施加压力。〞

最近,曾敏之和张浚生分别发表了传记及回忆录,两人都提到22年前《文汇报》的〝痛心疾首〞开天窗社论。

曾敏之提出,他写出这段历史是避免不明真相者往某些人脸上贴金,歪曲事实。而现为浙江大学发展委员会主席的张浚生则完全撇清自己与事件的关系。

程翔指出,曾敏之的说法是邀功,张浚生是诿过。

香港时事评论员程翔:〝主要就是他们的党性最后主导了他们的人性,使得他们的人性不能张扬出来。所谓党性,就是要归队,你还是靠共产党吃饭,你要听共产党的话,要拿出你的党性出来。〞

程翔为曾敏之和张浚生两人感到悲哀,他希望中共党员都要摒弃党性,回复良知道义,体现人性光辉的一面。

在六四屠城中,中共解放军38军少将徐勤先因抵制戒严、反对向民众开枪,被撤销军长职务,并被军事法庭判处5年监禁。1989年在中国政法大学任教的吴仁华在新着《六四事件中的戒严部队》中记述:〝在军事法庭审讯中,徐勤先回答审讯人员说:人民军队从来没有镇压人民的历史,我绝对不能玷污这个历史。〞

新唐人记者林秀宜、李静、孙宁采访报导。
http://www.ntdtv.com/xtr/gb/2011/12/12/atext630603.html.-【禁闻】尘封22年六四社论--程翔评功过.html#video

The One-Phrase June 4th Editorial

When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) decided 22 years ago to initiate June 4th Tiananmen Massacre, many people, especially CCP members, had to make a choice. Hong Kong's Wen Wei Po, a pro-CCP media, then shocked Hong Kong by publishing an editorial of only one phrase. Hong Kong-based commentator, Ching Cheong, told the story of the editorial, and his view on the concerned parties' acts.

On May 21, 1989, a day after CCP's martial law declaration, Wen Wei Po published an editorial with one phrase only, “Deeply grieved to the point of death.”

For the first time in CCP's newspaper history, since 1949, a media outlet left blank space in an editorial.

Hong Kong-based commentator, Ching Cheong, was then deputy chief editor of Wen Wei Po. He says this editorial produced a great impact in Hong Kong.

Ching Cheong (Commentator, Hong Kong):“This editorial directly mobilized a million of people to take on the streets. It was just like a super bomb blowing up, inspiring people to fill up the streets. I believe it can be listed as a major event in the 100 years of China's newest history.”

The publication of the explosive editorial involved four people. Tsang Ming-tse, then deputy chief editor, Lee Tze Chung, acting chief editor and president of Wen Wei Po, Kam Yiu-yu, former chief editor, and Zhang Junsheng, then vice president of Xinhua News Agency Hong Kong Branch.

Ching Cheong tells NTDTV, after CCP declared martial law, Tsang Ming-tse called Lee Tze Chung, proposing an editorial. It was just the one phrase, “Deeply grieved to the point of death.” After consulting with Kam Yiu-yu, Lee suggested
to publish the phrase, “What else can we say?” instead. Tsang did not agree, so handed in the two drafts to Xinhua News Agency for approval. Zhang Junsheng finally decided to publish “Deeply grieved to the point of death.”

Ching Cheong believes that this editorial was a decision of the four. However, after Deng Xiaoping decided to enforce martial law, the four's stances began to change.

Ching Cheong: "Both president Lee and president Kam continued to oppose repression and the massacre. Tsang Ming-tse hesitated for a period of time,
and then rejoined CCP's queue. While Zhang Junsheng changed completely. He not only completely denied responsibility, but also exerted pressure on Wen Wei Po."

Both Tsang Ming-tse and Zhang Junsheng had their biography and memoirs released recently. In their books, both mentioned the one-phrase editorial, published on Wen Wei Po 22 years ago.

Tsang Ming-tse said, he wrote for this period of history, as to prevent those not knowing the truth from claiming credit for some people, thus distorting the truth. In contrast, the current chairman of Zhejiang University's Development Committee, Zhang Junsheng, entirely disassociated himself from the editorial event.

Ching Cheong points out that Tsang Ming-tse's remarks aim at getting some credits for himself, whereas Zhang Junsheng is trying to shift the blame.

Ching Cheong: "The main reason was, their human nature was dominated by CCP's nature, which inhibited their own human nature. To accept the so-called CCP nature means to rejoin CCP's queue. Since you still intend to rely on the CCP for your livelihood, then you'll have to obey CCP's orders, to demonstrate your nature is that of the CCP.”

Ching Cheong feels sad for Tsang and Zhang. He expressed hope CCP members would get rid of the CCP nature. He hopes they will restore their moral conscience to display the bright side of their own human nature.

During 1989' June 4th Tiananmen Massacre, Xu Qinxian, major general of the CCP's 38th People's Liberation Army, resisted enforcing martial law and firing at the civilians.

Xu was removed from his post of army commander, and sentenced to five years in jail by the military court. Wu Renhua, a former lecturer at China University of Political Science and Law, wrote about this in his new book, "Martial law troops in the June Fourth Incident." In it he stated, "During the military court trial, Xu Qinxian gave this answer to the interrogator, "The People's Liberation Army has no records of suppressing people; I did not stain it either."

NTD reporters Lin Xiuyi, Li Jing and Sun Ning. 

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